roma kubbeleri listesi ne demek?

Romalılar, mimarlık tarihinde geniş ve iyi tanımlanmış iç alanlar yaratmak için kubbe potansiyalini gerçekleştiren ilk inşaacılardır.¹ Kubbeler, birkaç Roma yapı tiplerinden olan tapınaklar, termal, Saray, mozele ve daha sonra Kiliselerde oluşturuldu. Yarım kubbe ayrıca favori mimari unsur oldu ve Hristiyan dini mimarisinde apse olarak benimsendi.

Anıtsal kubbeler, 1. yüzyılda Roma'da ve Akdeniz etrafında Roma bölgesinde görünmeye başladı. Kubbelerin yapımı, Roma İmparatorluğu döneminde inşaat yapımında kullanılan ve “Roma Mimari Devrimi” olarak isimlendirilen betonun icadıyla büyük bir şekilde kolaylaştı.² Onların koskocaman çapları, 19. yüzyıl sonlarında yapıya ait çelik çerçevenin takdimine kadar üstün, eşiz kalıyordu. (bakınız Dünya’nın en büyük kubbeleri listesi).³⁴⁵

Kubbeler

Bütün çaplar metre cinsindedir. Çok köşeli kubbeler için dairesel çapa başvurulur. Ana kaynak Jürgen Rasch'ın Roma kubbeleri (1985) çalışmasıdır.

<table> <thead> <tr class="header"> <th>Çap <big>⌀</big></th> <th>İsim, Part</th> <th>Yer</th> <th>Yapım</th> <th>Kubbe biçimi, Zemin planı</th> <th>Materyal, Çatı inşaatı</th> <th>İskelet kalınlığı (ST) ST to <big>⌀</big></th> <th>Perde duvar kalınlığı (CWT) CWT to <big>⌀</big></th> <th>Çap <a href="göz" title="wikilink">göz</a> (DO) DO to <big>⌀</big></th> <th>Yorumlar/ Diğer karakteristikler</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn1" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref1" role="doc-noteref">1</a></td> <td><a href="Panteon,_Roma" title="wikilink">Panteon, Roma</a></td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>2. y.</td> <td><a href="Rotunda_(mimarlık)" title="wikilink">Rotunda</a></td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a>, Kurşun levha çatı</td> <td>~ 1.35 1:32</td> <td>~ 5.93 1:7.3</td> <td>8.95 1:4.9</td> <td><a href="Dünya'nın_en_büyük_kubbeleri_listesi" title="wikilink">1881 yılına kadar dünyanın en büyük kubbesi</a>; günümüze kadar en büyük kubbe;<a href="#fn2" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref2" role="doc-noteref">2</a> Bu güne Batı kubbe kemer tipi inşası<a href="#fn3" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref3" role="doc-noteref">3</a><a href="#fn4" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref4" role="doc-noteref">4</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn5" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref5" role="doc-noteref">5</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Avernus_Gölü" title="wikilink">Avernus Gölü</a></td> <td>1st c.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn6" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref6" role="doc-noteref">6</a></td> <td><a href="Caracalla_Hamamı" title="wikilink">Caracalla Hamamı</a>, <a href="Caldarium" title="wikilink">Caldarium</a></td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>3. y.</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Amfora" title="wikilink">Amforas</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Sekiz dikme; <a href="Dünya'nın_en_büyük_kubbeleri_listesi" title="wikilink">Seramik holloware dışında dünyanın en büyük kubbesi</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn7" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref7" role="doc-noteref">7</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Baiae" title="wikilink">Baiae</a></td> <td>2nd c.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1.20 1:25</td> <td>~ 5,70 <a href="#fn8" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref8" role="doc-noteref">8</a> 1:5.2</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn9" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref9" role="doc-noteref">9</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Baiae" title="wikilink">Baiae</a></td> <td>2nd c.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>-</td> <td>~ 2.90 <a href="#fn10" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref10" role="doc-noteref">10</a> 1:9.1</td> <td></td> <td>Dış duvar dikmeleri</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn11" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref11" role="doc-noteref">11</a></td> <td>Maxentius'un anıtkabri</td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>4th c.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn12" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref12" role="doc-noteref">12</a></td> <td><a href="Agrippa_Hamamları" title="wikilink">Agrippa Hamamları</a>, 'Arco della Ciambella'</td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Rotunda_(mimarlık)" title="wikilink">Kubbeli bina</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Roma'da ilk merkezi kubbeli <a href="Roma_hamamı" title="wikilink">Thermae</a>;<a href="#fn13" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref13" role="doc-noteref">13</a> <a href="Dünya'nın_en_büyük_kubbeleri_listesi" title="wikilink">Dünyanın en büyük kubbeleri</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn14" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref14" role="doc-noteref">14</a></td> <td><a href="Arch_and_Tomb_of_Galerius" title="wikilink">Aziz George'un kubbeli odası</a></td> <td><a href="Selânik" title="wikilink">Selânik</a></td> <td>4. y.</td> <td></td> <td>Tuğla</td> <td>~ 1 1:24</td> <td>6.00 1:4</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Dünya'nın_en_büyük_kubbeleri_listesi" title="wikilink">Dünyanın en büyük tuğla kubbesi</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn15" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref15" role="doc-noteref">15</a></td> <td><a href="Pergamon" title="wikilink">Sanctuary of Asclepius</a></td> <td><a href="Pergamon" title="wikilink">Pergamon</a></td> <td>2. y.</td> <td></td> <td>Tuğla</td> <td>-</td> <td>3.35 1:7.1</td> <td></td> <td>En erken anıtsal tuğla kubbe;<a href="#fn16" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref16" role="doc-noteref">16</a> <a href="Dünya'nın_en_büyük_kubbeleri_listesi" title="wikilink">Dünyanın en büyük tuğla kubbesi</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>to ~ 19.80 <a href="#fn17" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref17" role="doc-noteref">17</a></td> <td><a href="Aziz_Gereon_Bazilikası" title="wikilink">Aziz Gereon Bazilikası</a></td> <td><a href="Köln" title="wikilink">Köln</a></td> <td>4. y.</td> <td>Oval, sekiz <a href="Niş_(mimarlık)" title="wikilink">Niş</a> ve <a href="apse" title="wikilink">apse</a> li</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Aya_Sofya" title="wikilink">Aya Sofya</a> ve <a href="Floransa_Katetrali" title="wikilink">Floransa Katetrali</a> kubbeleri arasında Roma yapı dokulu geç Ortaçağ en büyük batı dünyası yapısı<a href="#fn18" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref18" role="doc-noteref">18</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn19" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref19" role="doc-noteref">19</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>4. y.</td> <td><a href="Ongen" title="wikilink">Ongen</a></td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a> with brick rips</td> <td>0.56 1:42</td> <td>~ 2.60 <a href="#fn20" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref20" role="doc-noteref">20</a> 1:9.1</td> <td></td> <td>Dış duvar dikmeleri</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn21" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref21" role="doc-noteref">21</a></td> <td>Antoninus Hamamları</td> <td><a href="Kartaca" title="wikilink">Kartaca</a></td> <td>2. y.</td> <td><a href="Çokgen" title="wikilink">Çokgen</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Yedi kubbe, çapları 17 ve 22 m arasında<a href="#fn22" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref22" role="doc-noteref">22</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn23" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref23" role="doc-noteref">23</a></td> <td><a href="Sultanahmet_Meydanı" title="wikilink">Hipodrom</a>'da rotunda</td> <td><a href="Konstantinopolis" title="wikilink">Konstantinopolis</a></td> <td>5th c.</td> <td><a href="Rotunda_(architecture)" title="wikilink">Rotunda</a> with ten niches</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn24" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref24" role="doc-noteref">24</a></td> <td><a href="Baths_of_Diocletian" title="wikilink">Baths of Diocletian</a>, <a href="San_Bernardo" title="wikilink">San Bernardo</a></td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>~ 300</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a> with brick rips</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>or 21.25 <a href="#fn25" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref25" role="doc-noteref">25</a><a href="#fn26" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref26" role="doc-noteref">26</a></td> <td><a href="Baths_of_Diocletian" title="wikilink">Baths of Diocletian</a>, 'Planetarium'</td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>~ 300</td> <td>Şemsiye kubbe, <a href="Octagon" title="wikilink">Octagon</a></td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a> iç kısım tuğla kaplı</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4.20 1:5.1</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn27" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref27" role="doc-noteref">27</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Baiae" title="wikilink">Baiae</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a><a href="#fn28" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref28" role="doc-noteref">28</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3.65 1:5.9</td> <td>En erken anıtsal kubbe;<a href="#fn29" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref29" role="doc-noteref">29</a> <a href="Dünya'nın_en_büyük_kubbeleri_listesi" title="wikilink">Dünyanın en büyük kubbesi</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn30" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref30" role="doc-noteref">30</a></td> <td>Helena mozelesi</td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>4nci y.</td> <td></td> <td>Kubbenin zeminine birleştirilmiş seramik amfora</td> <td>0.90 1:22</td> <td>2.40 1:8.4</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn31" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref31" role="doc-noteref">31</a></td> <td><a href="Caracalla_Hamamları" title="wikilink">Caracalla Hamamları</a>, Side building</td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>3. y.</td> <td><a href="Sekizgenn" title="wikilink">Sekizgenn</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Pendentive" title="wikilink">pendentive kubbe</a>'nin başlangıç formu <a href="#fn32" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref32" role="doc-noteref">32</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn33" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref33" role="doc-noteref">33</a></td> <td>Bacucco Hamamları</td> <td></td> <td>4th c.</td> <td>Şemsiye kubbe, <a href="Sekizgen" title="wikilink">Sekizgen</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn34" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref34" role="doc-noteref">34</a></td> <td><a href="Diocletian_Hamamları" title="wikilink">Diocletian Hamamları</a>, <a href="Tepidarium" title="wikilink">Tepidarium</a></td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>~ 300</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3.68 1:5.2</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn35" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref35" role="doc-noteref">35</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Ostia_Antica" title="wikilink">Ostia</a></td> <td>3. y.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>-</td> <td>1.98 1:9.3</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn36" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref36" role="doc-noteref">36</a></td> <td><a href="Euphemia_Kilisesi" title="wikilink">Euphemia Kilisesi</a></td> <td><a href="Konstantinopolis" title="wikilink">Konstantinopolis</a></td> <td>5. y.</td> <td><a href="Altıgen" title="wikilink">Altıgen</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn37" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref37" role="doc-noteref">37</a></td> <td><a href="Hadrian_Villası" title="wikilink">Hadrian Villası</a>, '<a href="Serapeum" title="wikilink">Serapeum</a>'</td> <td><a href="Tivoli" title="wikilink">Tivoli</a></td> <td>2. y.</td> <td>Şemsiye kubbe</td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Oyuk alan sistemi</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn38" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref38" role="doc-noteref">38</a></td> <td>İmparatorluk Banyoları, Tepidarium</td> <td><a href="Trier" title="wikilink">Trier</a></td> <td>4nci y.</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn39" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref39" role="doc-noteref">39</a></td> <td><a href="San_Vitale_Basilikası" title="wikilink">San Vitale Basilikası</a></td> <td><a href="Ravenna" title="wikilink">Ravenna</a></td> <td>6. y.</td> <td></td> <td>Balçık kil, Ağaç çatı inşaatı</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn40" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref40" role="doc-noteref">40</a></td> <td><a href="Nymphaeum" title="wikilink">Nymphaeum</a>, <a href="Albano" title="wikilink">Albano</a></td> <td>?</td> <td>1st c.</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2.08 1:7.6</td> <td>Ağırlığı azaltmak için kubbenin zemininde oyuk alanların en erken kanıtı<a href="#fn41" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref41" role="doc-noteref">41</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>to ~13.00 <a href="#fn42" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref42" role="doc-noteref">42</a></td> <td>Güney banyoları</td> <td><a href="Bostra" title="wikilink">Bostra</a></td> <td>3.-4. y.</td> <td><a href="Sekizgen" title="wikilink">Sekizgen</a></td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn43" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref43" role="doc-noteref">43</a></td> <td>Batı banyoları</td> <td><a href="Gerasa" title="wikilink">Gerasa</a></td> <td>2. y.</td> <td><a href="Kare" title="wikilink">Kare</a></td> <td><a href="Voussoir" title="wikilink">Voussoir</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Kare planlı taş kubbelerin en eskilerinden biri;<a href="#fn44" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref44" role="doc-noteref">44</a> <a href="Dünya'nın_en_büyük_kubbeleri_listesi" title="wikilink">Dünyanın en büyük taş kubbesi</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn45" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref45" role="doc-noteref">45</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>4. y.</td> <td></td> <td>Kurşun plaka çatı</td> <td>0.90 1:16</td> <td>~ 1.80 1:8.2</td> <td>3,70 1:4.0</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn46" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref46" role="doc-noteref">46</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Porto" title="wikilink">Porto</a></td> <td>~ 3. y.</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a> iç kısım tuğla kaplı</td> <td>-</td> <td>~ 2.20 1:6.6</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn47" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref47" role="doc-noteref">47</a></td> <td>Tor de' Schiavi Mozelesi</td> <td><a href="Via_Prenestina" title="wikilink">Via Prenestina</a></td> <td>4. y.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>0.60 1:23</td> <td>2.60 1:5.3</td> <td></td> <td>Kubbenin zemininde dört açıklık</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn48" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref48" role="doc-noteref">48</a></td> <td><a href="Domus_Aurea" title="wikilink">Domus Aurea</a></td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>1st c.</td> <td><a href="Cloister_vault" title="wikilink">Cloister vault</a>, <a href="Sekizgen" title="wikilink">Sekizgen</a></td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>5.99 1:2.3</td> <td>Sekizgen planlı ilk kubbe; saray mimarisinde en erken<a href="#fn49" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref49" role="doc-noteref">49</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn50" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref50" role="doc-noteref">50</a></td> <td><a href="Diocletian_Sarayı" title="wikilink">Diocletian Mozelesi</a></td> <td><a href="Split" title="wikilink">Split</a></td> <td>~ 300</td> <td></td> <td>Tuğla, Kiremit kaplı çatı</td> <td>0.68 1:20</td> <td>3.40 <a href="#fn51" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref51" role="doc-noteref">51</a> 1:3.9</td> <td></td> <td>Çift-duvarlı kubbe<a href="#fn52" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref52" role="doc-noteref">52</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn53" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref53" role="doc-noteref">53</a></td> <td><a href="Basilica_of_San_Lorenzo,_Milan#Chapel_of_Saint_Aquilino" title="wikilink">Chapel of Saint Aquilino</a></td> <td><a href="Milano" title="wikilink">Milano</a></td> <td>4. y.</td> <td></td> <td>Tuğla</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn54" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref54" role="doc-noteref">54</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Tivoli" title="wikilink">Tivoli</a></td> <td>4. y.</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a> with brick rips</td> <td>1.30 1:9</td> <td>2.08 1:5.9</td> <td>2.10 1:5.9</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn55" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref55" role="doc-noteref">55</a></td> <td><a href="Hadrian_Villası" title="wikilink">Hadrian Villası</a>, Summer <a href="Triclinium" title="wikilink">Triclinium</a> (<a href="Exedra" title="wikilink">Exedra</a>)</td> <td><a href="Tivoli" title="wikilink">Tivoli</a></td> <td>2. y.</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a> iç kısım tuğla kaplı</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn56" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref56" role="doc-noteref">56</a></td> <td>Aquae Flavianae Hamamları</td> <td>El Hammam</td> <td>3rd c.</td> <td></td> <td>Balçık kil</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Dünya'nın_en_büyük_kubbeleri_listesi" title="wikilink">Seramik holloware dışında dünyanın en büyük kubbesi</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn57" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref57" role="doc-noteref">57</a></td> <td>Hodegetria Kilisesi</td> <td><a href="Constantinople" title="wikilink">Constantinople</a></td> <td>5ni y.</td> <td><a href="Altıgen" title="wikilink">Altıgen</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn58" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref58" role="doc-noteref">58</a></td> <td>Skeuophylakion</td> <td><a href="Konstantinopolis" title="wikilink">Konstantinopolis</a></td> <td>~ 5. c.</td> <td><a href="Çokgen" title="wikilink">Onikigen</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn59" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref59" role="doc-noteref">59</a></td> <td><a href="Baptistery" title="wikilink">Baptistery</a></td> <td><a href="Nocera_Inferiore" title="wikilink">Nocera Inferiore</a>, <a href="Campania" title="wikilink">Campania</a></td> <td>6th c.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Sekiz dikdörtgen kubbe pencereleri</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn60" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref60" role="doc-noteref">60</a></td> <td><a href="Hadrian_Villası" title="wikilink">Hadrian Villası</a>, 'Heliocaminus'</td> <td><a href="Tivoli" title="wikilink">Tivoli</a></td> <td>2. y.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Hipokaust" title="wikilink">Merkezi ısıtma sistemi</a> için çift-duvarlı kubbe.<a href="#fn61" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref61" role="doc-noteref">61</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn62" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref62" role="doc-noteref">62</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Pergamon" title="wikilink">Pergamon</a></td> <td>~ 2. y.</td> <td></td> <td>Tuğla</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>İki Rotunda (Kubbeli bina veya oda); <a href="Dünya'nın_en_büyük_kubbeleri_listesi" title="wikilink">Dünyanın en büyük tuğla kubbesi</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn63" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref63" role="doc-noteref">63</a></td> <td><a href="Santa_Costanza" title="wikilink">Santa Costanza</a></td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>4. y.</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a> with brick rips, Tiled roof directly resting on dome shell</td> <td>~ 0.70 1:16</td> <td>1.45 1:7.9</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Kasnak_(mimarlık)" title="wikilink">Kasnak</a><a href="#fn64" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref64" role="doc-noteref">64</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn65" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref65" role="doc-noteref">65</a></td> <td><a href="Mor_Gabriel_Manastırı" title="wikilink">Mor Gabriel Manastırı</a></td> <td><a href="Tur_Abdin" title="wikilink">Tur Abdin</a></td> <td>6. y.</td> <td></td> <td>Tuğla</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>evet</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn66" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref66" role="doc-noteref">66</a></td> <td><a href="Praetorium" title="wikilink">Praetorium</a></td> <td><a href="Köln" title="wikilink">Köln</a></td> <td>4. y.</td> <td><a href="Sekizgen" title="wikilink">Sekizgen</a></td> <td></td> <td>-</td> <td>2.00 <a href="#fn67" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref67" role="doc-noteref">67</a> 1:5.7</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn68" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref68" role="doc-noteref">68</a></td> <td>Gordian Villası</td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a>, <a href="Via_Prenestina" title="wikilink">Via Prenestina</a></td> <td>3. y.</td> <td><a href="Sekizgen" title="wikilink">Sekizgen</a></td> <td></td> <td>-</td> <td>~ 1.35 <a href="#fn69" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref69" role="doc-noteref">69</a> 1:8.2</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Pendentive" title="wikilink">Pendentive kubbe</a>'nin başlangıç forumu;<a href="#fn70" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref70" role="doc-noteref">70</a> Kubbenin zemininde sekiz açıklık</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn71" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref71" role="doc-noteref">71</a></td> <td>Allance Termali</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn72" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref72" role="doc-noteref">72</a></td> <td>Gallien Mozelesi</td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a>, <a href="Via_Appia" title="wikilink">Via Appia</a></td> <td>3rd c.</td> <td><a href="Rotunda_(mimarlık)" title="wikilink">Rotunda</a> altı nişli</td> <td></td> <td>-</td> <td>~ 1.60 1:6.8</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn73" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref73" role="doc-noteref">73</a></td> <td></td> <td>Centcelles , <a href="Tarragona" title="wikilink">Tarragonayakını</a></td> <td>4. y.</td> <td></td> <td>Tuğla ve taş</td> <td>~ 0.40 1:27</td> <td>~ 1.90 1:5.6</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>to ~ 9.40 <a href="#fn74" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref74" role="doc-noteref">74</a></td> <td><a href="Hadrian_Villası" title="wikilink">Hadrian Villası</a>, küçük banyolar</td> <td><a href="Tivoli" title="wikilink">Tivoli</a></td> <td>2. y.</td> <td>Dalga benzeri kenarlı oval kubbe</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn75" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref75" role="doc-noteref">75</a></td> <td>Gordian Villası, Salon</td> <td>Via Prenestina</td> <td>~ 2. y.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn76" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref76" role="doc-noteref">76</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Via_Latina" title="wikilink">Via Latina</a></td> <td>2. y.</td> <td></td> <td>Kubbenin zemininde seramik amfora</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>en erken bilinen, Kubbe zeminde amfora kullanımı<a href="#fn77" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref77" role="doc-noteref">77</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn78" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref78" role="doc-noteref">78</a></td> <td><a href="Katedral" title="wikilink">Katedral</a>, Baptistery</td> <td><a href="Ravenna" title="wikilink">Ravenna</a></td> <td>5. y.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn79" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref79" role="doc-noteref">79</a></td> <td><a href="Hadrian_Villası" title="wikilink">Hadrian Villası</a>, Altın Alan (<a href="Vestibule_(architecture)" title="wikilink">vestibule</a>)</td> <td><a href="Tivoli" title="wikilink">Tivoli</a></td> <td>2. y.</td> <td>Şamsiye kubbe</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>~ 1,90 1:5.0</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn80" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref80" role="doc-noteref">80</a></td> <td>Praetextat catacomb, 'Calventier mezar'</td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>3rd c.</td> <td><a href="Rotunda_(mimarlık)" title="wikilink">Rotunda</a> altı <a href="Niş_(mimarlık)" title="wikilink">niş</a> li</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn81" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref81" role="doc-noteref">81</a></td> <td>Capito Thermae, <a href="Laconicum" title="wikilink">Laconicum</a></td> <td><a href="Milet" title="wikilink">Milet</a></td> <td>1. y.</td> <td></td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn82" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref82" role="doc-noteref">82</a></td> <td>Küçük yuvarlak tapınak</td> <td><a href="Baalbek" title="wikilink">Baalbek</a></td> <td>3. y.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn83" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref83" role="doc-noteref">83</a></td> <td>Domus Augustana</td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>1. y.</td> <td><a href="Cloister_vault" title="wikilink">Cloister vault</a>, <a href="Octagon" title="wikilink">Octagon</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Sekizgen perde duvarlı en erken dehliz kemerlerden biri<a href="#fn84" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref84" role="doc-noteref">84</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn85" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref85" role="doc-noteref">85</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a>, <a href="Via_Appia" title="wikilink">Via Appia</a></td> <td>~ 4. y.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>~ 0.90 1:9</td> <td>2,30 1:3.5</td> <td>~ 1.50 1:5.4</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn86" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref86" role="doc-noteref">86</a></td> <td>Maxentius Hamamları</td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>4. y.</td> <td>Şmesiye kubbe, <a href="Sekizgen" title="wikilink">Sekizgen</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn87" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref87" role="doc-noteref">87</a></td> <td><a href="Domus_Flavia" title="wikilink">Domus Flavia</a></td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td>1. y.</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>to ~ 6.20 <a href="#fn88" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref88" role="doc-noteref">88</a></td> <td><a href="Hadrian_Villası" title="wikilink">Hadrian Villası</a>, 'Heliocaminus'</td> <td>?</td> <td>2. y.</td> <td><a href="Cloister_vault" title="wikilink">Cloister vault</a>, Eğri (Düz olmayan) <a href="Sekizgen" title="wikilink">Sekizgen</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn89" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref89" role="doc-noteref">89</a></td> <td><a href="Nymphaeum" title="wikilink">Nymphaeum</a></td> <td>Riza, <a href="Epirus_(region)" title="wikilink">Epirus</a></td> <td>~ 250-350</td> <td><a href="Çokgen" title="wikilink">Onikigen</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn90" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref90" role="doc-noteref">90</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Baiae" title="wikilink">Baiae</a></td> <td>2. y.</td> <td>Düz şemsiye kubbe, <a href="Sekizgen" title="wikilink">Sekizgen</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn91" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref91" role="doc-noteref">91</a></td> <td>Thermae Pisa Salonu</td> <td>?</td> <td>~ 2. y.</td> <td><a href="Cloister_vault" title="wikilink">Cloister vault</a> with eight windows, <a href="Octagon" title="wikilink">Octagon</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2.00 1:3.3</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn92" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref92" role="doc-noteref">92</a></td> <td>Stabian Thermae, <a href="Laconicum" title="wikilink">Laconicum</a></td> <td><a href="Pompeii" title="wikilink">Pompeii</a></td> <td></td> <td>Kozalak kemer (kubbenin erken şekli)</td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>evet</td> <td>Bilinen en eski beton kubbeler<a href="#fn93" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref93" role="doc-noteref">93</a></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn94" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref94" role="doc-noteref">94</a></td> <td>Hunting Thermae</td> <td><a href="Leptis_Magna" title="wikilink">Leptis Magna</a></td> <td>~ 200</td> <td><a href="Dehliz_kemer" title="wikilink">Dehliz kemer</a> sekiz pencereli</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn95" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref95" role="doc-noteref">95</a></td> <td><a href="Marcus_Aurelius" title="wikilink">Marcus Aurelius</a> Kemeri</td> <td><a href="Tripoli" title="wikilink">Tripoli</a></td> <td>?</td> <td><a href="Dehliz_Kemer" title="wikilink">Dehliz Kemer</a></td> <td><a href="Voussoir" title="wikilink">Voussoir</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn96" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref96" role="doc-noteref">96</a></td> <td><a href="Castellum" title="wikilink">Water Castellum</a></td> <td><a href="Pompeii" title="wikilink">Pompeii</a></td> <td>- 14 AD</td> <td>Düz kubbe</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn97" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref97" role="doc-noteref">97</a></td> <td>Sekizgen 'Mercury Tapınağı' bitişiği</td> <td><a href="Baiae" title="wikilink">Baiae</a></td> <td>2. y.</td> <td>Şemsiye kubbe, <a href="Sekizgen" title="wikilink">Sekizgen</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn98" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref98" role="doc-noteref">98</a></td> <td><a href="San_Vitale" title="wikilink">San Vitale</a>, Merdiven kuleler</td> <td><a href="Ravenna" title="wikilink">Ravenna</a></td> <td>6. y.</td> <td></td> <td>Tuğla</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn99" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref99" role="doc-noteref">99</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a>, <a href="Via_Nomentana" title="wikilink">Via Nomentana</a></td> <td>2. y.</td> <td><a href="Kare" title="wikilink">Kare</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn100" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref100" role="doc-noteref">100</a></td> <td><a href="Tabularium" title="wikilink">Tabularium</a></td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Dehliz_Kemer" title="wikilink">Dehliz Kemer</a>, <a href="Kare" title="wikilink">Kare</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>En eski dehliz kemer<a href="#fn101" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref101" role="doc-noteref">101</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn102" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref102" role="doc-noteref">102</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Baiae" title="wikilink">Baiae</a></td> <td>2. y.</td> <td>Dairesel zemin plan üzeri şemsiye kubbe</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>0.59 1:7.5</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn103" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref103" role="doc-noteref">103</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Ravenna" title="wikilink">Ravenna</a></td> <td>5. y.</td> <td></td> <td>Kiremit çatı</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn104" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref104" role="doc-noteref">104</a></td> <td>Casal de' Pazzi'de mezar</td> <td><a href="Roma" title="wikilink">Roma</a>, <a href="Via_Nomentana" title="wikilink">Via Nomentana</a></td> <td>2. y.</td> <td>Dairesel kubbe, <a href="Kare" title="wikilink">Kare</a></td> <td><a href="Opus_caementicium" title="wikilink">Concrete</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Pendentive" title="wikilink">Pendentive Kubbe</a> ön şekli;<a href="#fn105" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref105" role="doc-noteref">105</a> Oyuk alan sistemi</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="#fn106" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref106" role="doc-noteref">106</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Pompeii" title="wikilink">Pompeii</a></td> <td></td> <td>Kozalak Kemer (kubbenin erken formu)</td> <td>Tuğla ve kil (üst calotte)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Beton duvar iskeleti<a href="#fn107" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref107" role="doc-noteref">107</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="#fn108" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref108" role="doc-noteref">108</a></td> <td><a href="Havariyyun_kilisesi" title="wikilink">Havariyyun kilisesi</a>'nde Constantine Mozelesi</td> <td><a href="Konstantinopolis" title="wikilink">Konstantinopolis</a></td> <td>4. y.</td> <td><a href="Rotunda_(mimarlık)" title="wikilink">Rotunda</a> on iki nişli farzolunur</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <section class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document" role="doc-endnotes"> <hr /> <ol> <li id="fn1" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn2" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref2" 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<li id="fn108" role="doc-endnote"></li> </ol> </section>